Assignment IT

assignment for shell company

1. how did ERP helping improve business operations in Shell

where integrate and manage its daily operations that span from wells and mines, to processing plants, to oil trucks and gas pumps. ex: ERP helped the company greatly in terms of reducing and coordinate the highly manual process of 3rd party contractors submitting repir information and invoices.

2. how could extended ERP components help improve business operations at Shell

providing an integrated web-based service order, invoicing and payment submission system. The information was not timely it was often weeks or even months old by the time it made it into payment processing system. Shell was not collecting sufficient information about what repairs were being done, what had cause the problem and how it had been resolved.

3. how can integrating SCM, CRM and ERP help improve business operations at Shell

SCM - sales forecasts, sales strategies and marketing campaigns

CRM- market demand, resource and capacity constraints and real-time scheduling

ERP- forecasting, planning, purchasing, material management, warehousing, inventory and distribution.

Learning outcomes chap 10 & 11

assalammualaikum! next chap baru nk update.. :)

chap 9 : Supply Chain Management (SCM)

apa tu SCM?? SCM  tu material flow from supplier and their upstream suppliers at all level,after that transformation of materials into semifinished and finished products and distribution of product to customers...

ok ni assignment yg nk disiapkan.. :)

1. List and describe the components of a typical supply chain..

 SCM improves ways for companies to find the raw components they need to make a

product or service, manufacture that product or service, and deliver it to customers.. Ex: KFC

supplier supply a chicken, herb, vegetable and so on..

2. Define the relationship between decision making and SCM..

SCM enhances decision making. Collecting, analyzing, and distributing transactional information to all relevant parties, SCM systems help all the different entities in the supply chain work together more effectively. SCM systems provide dynamic holistic views of organizations. Users can “drill down” into detailed analyses of supply chain activities in a process analogous to DSS. Without SCM systems, organizations would be unable to make accurate and timely decisions regarding their supply chain.

3. Describe the 4 changes resulting from advances in IT that are driving supply chain

visibility : the ability to view all areas up and down the supply chain..Organizations must know about

customers events triggered downstream.. high visibility in the supply chain is changing industries..

consumer behavior : companies must respond to demanding customers through supply chain               enhancement because customers more educated..

competition : increased competition makes any organization that is ignoring its supply chain at risk of

    becoming obsolete..

speed : as the pace of business increase through electronic media, an organization's supply chain must respond  efficiently, accurate and quickly..

4. Summarize the best practices for implementing a successful supply chain management
    system

1. make the sale to suppliers - a large part of any SCM system extends beyond the organization to 

the  suppliers.. people from each supplier that is added to the network must change..

2. wean employees off  traditional business practices - if the organization cannot convince people 

that using the SCM software is worthwhile, the employees will probably find a way around using 

the software..

3. ensure the SCM system supports the organizational goals - be sure to select SCM software that 

supports organizational goals and strategies..

4. deploy in incremental phases and measure and communicate success - designing the deployment

 of  the SCM system in incremental phases is the most successful deployment method..

5. be future oriented - an SCM system, like all systems, must scale to meet future demands..

chap 11 : Customer relationship management (CRM)

CRM tu ape pulak ye?? CRM is organizations that understand the needs of individual customers are

 best  positioned to achieve sustainable competitive advantage in future..

1. Compare operational and analytical customer relationship management

operational CRM support traditional transactional processing for day-to-day front-office operations

 or systems that deal directly with the customers.. Analytical CRM supports back office operations 

and strategic analysis and includes all system that do not deal directly with the customers...

2. Identify the primary forces driving the explosive growth of customer relationship 
     management..

the primary forces driving the explosive growth includes automation/production/efficiency, 

competitive advantage, customers demand, increase revenue, decrease cost, customers support,

inventory control and accessibility...

3. Define the relationship between decision making and analytical customer relationship

    management

supports back-office operation and strategy analysis and includes all system that do not directly with

the customers.. designed to dig deep into a company's customer information and expose patterns of

behavior on which a company can capitalize.. analytical CRM primarily used to enhance and support

decision making and works by identifying patterns in customer information collected from the 

various operational CRM system..

 4. Summarize the best practices for implementing a successful customer relationship 
     management   system.

    

1. clearly communicate the CRM strategy- to provide customers with greater economic value..

2. define information needs & flow - clear understanding of how information flows in and out of

     their organization..

3. build an integrated view of the customer - corresponding functional breadth and depth to support

    strategic goal.

4. implement in iterations - easier to manage, measure, & track the design, building, & deployment 

    of the CRM system when it is delivered in pieces..

5. scalability for organizational growth - meets the organization's future needs as well as it current

needs.. estimating future needs is by far one of the hardest parts of any project..

yesss!!! finish assignment chap nii.. now continue tuk siapkn assignment lain & buku dh memanggil-

manggil dah tu suruh study..emmm nk exam dah.. uhhh kecut perooootttttt!!!!! doakn ye kwn2... k

cukup le tuk entry kali nii..  :)

chap 9 : enabling the organization-decision making

sorry madam lambat update chap baru.. :) mcm sy pulak yg celebrate chinese new year.. heheheh

Artificial intelligence(AI)

tertanya-tanya apa artificial intelligence ni.. name simple dia AI.. bukan ustaz azhar idrus tp AI ni adlh simulates human intelligence such as the ability to reason and learn... kata lain nye ialah satu system yg similarly dgn keupayaan manusia cth robotic..ex movie yg mpraktikkn AI ialah artifial intelligence, transformers, terminator..

madam ckp movie AI ni seronok.. : )

4 most common categories AI :

• Expert system : computerized advisory programs that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problem..

• Neural network : attempts to emulate the way the human brains work..most useful for decision that involves patterns or image recognition

• Genetic algorithm : essentially an optimizing system, it finds the combination of inputs that give the best output..

• Intelligence agent : special purpose knowledge based information system that accomplishes specific tasks on behalf of its users..

yesss!!! siap assignment... alhamdulillah.. selamat bercuti rye cine..seronok dpt mkn limau bnyk2.. hehehe.. k  next chap akn di update.. k tata assalammualaikum.. :)

Learning outcome chap 7 n 8

chap 7 : Storing Organizational Information-Database

1. Define the fundamental concepts of the relational database model

• Relational database model is a type of database that stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables.. two-dimensional tables ex: in student portal uitm, when student click at subject register the system can show all subjects student... The primary concepts of the relational database model is entities,attributes,keys and relationships.. An entity is a person, place, thing, transaction, or event about which information is stored.. ex: title of database, student attendance.. Attributes, also called fields or columns, are characteristics or properties of an entity class.. ex: no ID of students, name and class..

keys and relationship to manage and organize various entity classes within the relational database model..have two keys, primary keys is a field that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table..but for foreign key is a primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship between the two tables..

2. Evaluate the advantages of the relational database model.

-the advantages of the relational database model have a 5 :

• Increased flexibility- database provide flexibility in allowing each user to access the information in whatever way best suits his or her needs..
• Increased scalability and performance- it is about performance of organizations.. scalability is how well a system can adapt to increased demands and performance measures how quickly a system performs a certain process or transaction.
• Reduced information redundancy - redundancy is the duplication of information..to eliminate information redundancy by recording each piece only one place..
• Increased information integrity (quality) - measure of the quality of information..database have a integrity constraints are rules that help ensure the quality of information.. 
• Increased information security - including password, access level and access controls.. its for protect information from competitors..

3. Compare relational integrity constraints and business-critical integrity constraints.

Rational integrity constraints - rules that enforce basic and fundamental information-based constraints..ex: 

not allow someone to create an order for a nonexistent customer, provide a markup percentage that was negative or order zero pounds of raw materials from a supplier.

Business-critical integrity constraints - enforce business rules vital to an organization's success and often require more insight and knowledge than relational integrity constraints..provide better support for business decisions..

4. Describe the benefits of a data-driven website

Data-driven website is an interactive website kept constantly updated and relevant to the needs of its customers through the use of a database, ex: wikipedia..benefits is :

• Development : allows the website owner to make changes any time all without having to rely on a developer HTML programming..
• Content management : a static website requires a programmer to make updates..this add unnecessary layer between the business and its web content, which can lead to misunderstandings and slow turnarounds for desired changes.
• Future expandability : having a data-driven website enables the site to grow faster than would be possible with a static site..changing the layout, displays, and functionality of the site is easier with a data-driven solution..

5. Describe the two primary methods for integrating information across multiple database

forward and backward integration system

Forward integration takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all downstream system and process. A backward integration takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all upstream and process...

chap 8 : Accessing Organizational Informational-Data Warehouse

1. Describe the roles and purpose of data warehouses and data marts an organization.

Data warehouse- a logical collection of information gathered from many different operational databases that supports business analysis activities and decision making tasks.. The roles and purpose of a data warehouse is to aggregate information throughout an organization into a single repository for decision making, to store in one system, data and information that originates from multiple applications within, or across, organisations. The data may be stored 'as received' from the source application, or it may be processed upon input to validate, translate, aggregate or derive new data/information..

Data marts- contains a subset of data warehouse information.. The primary use is business intelligence, BI is used to gather, store, access and analyse data.. The data marts can be used by smaller business to utilize the data they have accumulated.. can be less expensive than implementing a data warehouse..

example of data warehouse and data marts

2. Compare the multidimensional nature of data warehouses and data marts with the two-dimensional nature of database

• database contain information in a series of two-dimensional table, which means that can only ever view two dimension of information at one time.. In a data warehouse and data mart, information is multidimensional, it contains layers of columns and rows. Each layer in a data warehouse or data mart represents information according to an additional dimension.. Dimensions could include such thing as products, promotions, stores, category, region, stock price, date, time, and even the weather. The ability to look at information from different dimensions can add tremendous business insight..

data or information can be figuratively as a cube

3. Identify the importance of ensuring the cleanliness of information throughout an organization

• an organization must maintain high-quality information in the data warehouse
• information cleansing and scrubbing is a process that weeds out and fixes or discards inconsistent, incorrect, or incomplete information.
• without high-quality information the organization will be unable to make good business decisions..

4. Explain the relationship between business intelligence and a data warehouse

business intelligence is information that people use to support their decision making efforts.. A data warehouse is an enabler of business intelligence.. The purpose of data warehouse is to pull all kinds of disparate information into a single location where it is cleansed and scrubbed for analysis..

chap 5 : Organizational Structures That Support Strategic Initiatives

organizational structures is employees across the organization must work closely together to develop strategic initiatives that create competitive advantages.. Understanding the basic structure of a typical IT department including titles, roles and responsibilities will help an organization build a cohesive enterprisewide them...

IT Roles and Responsibilities

IT roles and responsibilities is depend on numbers employees and numbers of skill in organizations.. have 5 positions can maintain an organizations, CIO, CTO, CSO, CPO,  and CKO....

what a CIO,CTO,CSO,CPO n CKO???

now do I explain 5 position in organizations..

Chief information officer (CIO) - responsible for overseeing all uses of information technology and ensuring the strategic alignment of IT with business goals and objectives.. CIO often report directly to the CEO..broad functions of CIO include manager, leader and communicator..

Chief technology officer (CTO) - responsible for ensuring the throughput, speed, accurancy, availability and reliability of an organization's information technology.. they direct responsibility for ensuring  the efficiency of  IT system and including hardware, software and telecommunications..

Chief security officer (CSO) - ensuring the security of IT system and developing strategies and IT safeguards attacks from hackers and viruses.. for example another company replicate the website organizations.. CSO possess detailed knowledge of networks and telecommunications...

Chief privacy officer (CPO) - ensuring the ethical and legal use of information within an organizations.. for ex: customers give a personal information to company and company cannot sell information about customers..

Chief  knowledge officer (CKO) - collecting, maintaining, and  distributing the organizations knowledge.. designs programs and systems that make it easy for people to reuse knowledge and to disseminate information knowledge ex to do a meeting...

Efficiency and Effectiveness using a facebook in IT metrics

semua org have a fb... fb digunakn utk find a information, sale a good, find friends, share a opinion, photo and so on... so have a advantages bile kite mggunakn fb BUT we must know a limit to use fb such as not share something yg mdatangkn keaiban pd kite... so now i what to comment about a efficiency and effectiveness a people using fb in all transactions especially in business...

effectiveness and efficiency on fb

as we know many people to do a business in fb example sell accessories, food, like a page and so on... so in my opinion, fb is one of good alternative to all seller to promote their product make sure their friends can know and buy their product in easy..

so the question now, does fb practice a efficiency and effectiveness metrics??

answer:

 yes because fb is can we see and be use, so seller can upload their photo of product so customers can see itself about a product... company must fully utilizes their resources ex use a software of computer, to do a page in fb and customers can like their product and directly can buy a product...

for effective metrics, fb is a one famous technology and all people use a fb..so seller can use a fb to show their product and it is including a satisfaction of customers for ex the product is true,similar to that in order, arrived in a timely manner.. 

so, fb is a most efficiency and effectiveness to seller or people to sell a product and to do a promotion..

chp 3 : Strategic Initiatives for Implementing Competitive Advantages

business process re-engineering (BPR) is the process where analysis and redesign of workflow within between enterprise.. this workflow is most systematic, disciplined improvement approach that critically examines, rethinks, redesign and implements the redesigned process of an organization..... BPR's goals is to achieve dramatic improvement in performance in areas important to customer and other stakeholders......

Use of BPR

• can save a company which is running at a loss..
• by changing the present process through BPR a losing business can make profit.
• can find new business dimensi
• improves quantity... service delivery and customer satisfaction
• BPR will open new dimension into the existing business...
• overall change would enhance the performance of the business
• speedier

chp 4: Measuring The Success of Strategic Initiatives

Measuring IT's Suceess

Key performance indicator (KPI)

- measure a level effectiveness and efficiency in company to achieve a goal or objectives in company to become success.. for ex: lecturer.. what a they have to achieve in their job to become a successful.. such as do a research, teach, do a presentation and so on.. this is a means of KPI...

Efficiency and Effectiveness IT metrics

Efficiency IT metrics

Efficiency in general describes the extent to which time, effort or cost is well used for the intended task or purpose. It is often used with the specific purpose of relaying the capability of a specific application of effort to produce a specific outcome effectively with a minimum amount or quantity of waste, expense, or unnecessary effort. "Efficiency" has widely varying meanings in different disciplines.

- can be see

- measure a performance of IT system itself

- how far company use a resources in company for ex utilizes resources for ex in item sophisticated of software, flexibility, innovatives and so on.

Effectiveness IT metrics

Effectiveness is the capability of producing a desired result. When something is deemed effective, it means it has an intended or expected outcome, or produces a deep, vivid impression.

- cannot be see

- how far IT to reach a activities and process

- including customers satisfaction, conversion rate ell increase

- the KPI is delivere information to customers

Assignment for case study chap 2 : Say "Charge It" with your cell phone.   

Assalammualaikum... :)

Questions

1. Do you view this technology as a potential threat to traditional telephone companies? if so, what counter strategies could traditional telephone companies adopt to prepare for this technology?

answer : Yes, this technology give a treat to traditional telephone because nowadays almost customers use a smart phone and also handphone because easy to bring anywhere they go...as we know people rarely use a public phone..So, as a traditional telephone, they must to do a counter strategies follow with a differentiation.. Traditional telephone must provide or out other new product to customers such as, to do a good design at public phone. They can provide a touch screen at public phone and also can change the size to be a small. Besides that, they also can to do a line at public phone whether easy to customers when have a no coin in emergency condition. It is can help customers to easy and more can use a traditional phone. Traditional phone also can tell at customers about a advantages when use a traditional telephone. Besides that, they should to do a promotion about their product at internet such as facebook, twitter, tumblr, blog and so on.

2. Using of Poster's Five Forces describe the barriers to entry for this new technology.

answer: Nowadays, almost a type of phone, as we know in our country

 provide many a sophisticated phone such as i-phone, samsung galaxy tab and so on. So it is can have a many barriers in this  companies. Follow the poster's five forces can be seen for barriers at buyer power whether the buyer power high when buyers have many choice of whom to buy. It mean, competitors have a provide many type a phone and customers have a opportunity to choose a phone that they like.

For example, samsung have a big competitors from apple because apple more a provide many interesting phone. Seconds to supplier power.. For new technology, as a competitors because before that, buyer have a more technology in market. Organizations want supplier power low at their company and want high at their customers. When supplier power is high, buyers have few choices of whom to buy from,they can buy only company product but when a supplier power is low, customers

 have a many choice because another company provide more product in market. Barriers of substitute product or service is competitors company have a many alternatives to their product such as apple company. So, for new company they must design a different brands, type, function. For example, use a phone to buy product. Fourth is treat of new entrants, when a company is new technology, it is a easy to competitors to enter a market because customers not longer know about a product. So, a organization must to do a promotion, give a launcher about their product and create 

a more function in their phone compare with the competitors. And last is rivalry among existence competitors, high whether competitors is fierce in market such as a samsung and apple. So, as a new organization, give a discount at their product and also 

can use a phone for any transaction.

3. Which of Poster's three generic strategies is the new technology following?

answer : In new technology, the generic strategies is very suitable is differentiation.... differentiation is create competitive advantage by distinguishing their products on one or more features important to their customers... as a new technology, the organizations should design their telephone to be more sophisticated and different with competitors company.... When organizations want to introduce their product, they can to do a different type of phone such as small size and can easy to bring anywhere...  After that, organizations can create long-lasting battery which does not last long enough when using the internet on the phone, also can pay any bills and this is can help consumers cannot waste a time to pay a bills.. When the organizations have different function n their phone, the demand from consumers is high and consumers can always buy their  product..

watch cellphone

4. Describe the value chain of the business of using cell phones as a payment method.

answer: value chain is process from customer to random their money. It means when customer pay to buy a phone, the money will go wherever.. For ex when customers buy a phone their money can go to company or organizations... it is can help company to get profit from their sale and can provide new product when the profit is high... After that, the money also can pay to supplier in company whether company can buy more material from supplier ex sim card, design phone and so on... as a result the company can run their business with their sale... and they also can create a new design to attract their customers...

5. What types of regulatory issues might occur due to this type of technology?

answer : many type of regulatory issues when customer use phone to do transaction  such as buy cloth, shoes, accessories, pay bill and so on... so many regulatory can happen such as fraud... it is for company, follow to item delivering time, product not same... sometime the company cannot delivery the good but the money has be taken.. after that, the good not same with the sample or picture... for the customers, they can lie about their personal information to buy good such as use their friends phone... After that, the transaction also can cancel when system breakdown such as internet problem...

alhamdulillah siap assignment.... seronok nak bcuti!!! happy holiday friends!! :)

  

assalammualaikum!!! 

next chap akn menyusul...

    

    

                              


                               



chap 2 : Identifying Competitive Advantage

in this chap aku belajar ttg competitive advantage means is temporary because competitors keep duplicate the strategy and dynamic.. competitive nye bsifat b'ubah-ubah... company must to do a decision before making any business... di bwh nii five forces model..

The Five Forces Model

now, a explanation mengenai 5 forces model :

in buyer power, when buyers have many choices of whom to buy the buyer power is high means consumers have a many choices to buy product... but when their choices are few the buyer power is low... to reduce                 buyer power, company must to do more attractive to their product...

in supplier power, when buyers have few choices of whom to buy from the supplier power is high and low when their choices are many.... company can use IT to create competitive advantage ex B2B... bisnes  kpd  customers and bisnes kpd suppliers..

next is substitute... ianya akn high bila there are many alternatives kpd product and low bila few alternative... so company blh mggunakan IT utk memasarkn product..

threat of new entrants.. tinggi bila easy kpd new competitors to enter a market and low bila many barriers to enter a market.. ex bank blh offer on9 paying bills..

and last.... rivalry among existence competitors.. high when pesaing fierce in a market but low when pesaing more in a market...

 contoh company pizza hut vs dominos.. pizza hut mdpt bnyk sambutan from customers because they have more competitive advantage to improve their product..they provide many types a food... another ex for services is maxis, celcom, and digi...

pizza vs dominos

bismillah...

Future generations will thanks us for the fight we are undertaking to promote ICT and ensure we have a world class workforce who can compete in a digital world.  Neil Turner

 Chap 1 : Business Driven Technology

ok dlm chap ni ak belajar mengenai IT dimana IT in our life and very very very important dlm hidup kite!! bak kata perpatah "maklumat di hujung jari"...nowadays, semua electronics mst connet with internet.. cth yg selalu kita guna fb, twitter, blog, email, bluetooth, wi-fi and so on.. in office, home and everywhere pun de m'gunakn IT, jgn TERKEJUT kat toilet pun de guna IT.. hehehe...

  IT's also can impact on business operations.. IT can reducing costs in operations such as can reduce time, means company x perlu ambil bnyk masa untuk m'nyiapkan kerja.. besides that, IT juga dpt reducing a communication with employess and customers and also can reduce paper less..

 Second, improving productivity..means can improve in promotion, customers mesti mengenali dgn lbh t'perinci product kita and the result nye DD naik, SS naik and production also naik..

 And the last generating growth, benefit nye kpd company growth ex sale, profit, employess akn meningkat..

ok dlm IT de dua jenis information, information technology(IT) and management information system(MIS).. IT ialah menukar info drpd data kpd information dgn mggunakn software ex microsoft.. and MIS pula application information of technology, take care people technology and information and data of company, ianya x blh di hack n must have a backup data..

b'balik kpd MIS, de 3 elements dlm MIS.. first data... raw facts means data yg asli dan original, ianya x blh di ubah.. contoh date, customers name.. x kan le kite nk ubah name customers kan...

2nd, information, means data converted into a meaningful..dlm BM nye data yg raw tlh ditukar kpd information cth worst customers.. and last business intelligence, company akn bt decision making and group tu have a knowledge...

haa mcm mne kite dpt sumber IT????

de 3 key resources... people, information and information technology

ok2 ni last tuk chap nii... IT cultures...

IT pun de cara hidup tau... have 4 functional, sharing, inquiring and discovering....

semua yg melibatkan IT have a advantages and also disadvantages.. just kita yg kena pandai balance kan dia... :)

 ok next chap akn menyusul!!!! :)